I think if everyone would start their day with “What would
bell hooks do?” things would be great, rainbows, hypoallergenic kittens, etc.
hooks wrote a piece, “Dig Deep:
Beyond Lean In” for feministwire. First, let’s take a minute to talk about
how fucking awesome bell hooks is. If you haven’t read everything she has ever
written, stop reading this blog, and go read all the things. Her thoughts are
far more valuable than mine. Go ahead. I’ll wait.
Same page? Gladness. hooks is not impressed by the Sheryl
Sandberg phenomenon. Most of you are familiar with the whole, Lean In thing. I
have my skepticism about the whole thing because Sandberg favors working with
the while male CEOs, which is counter to my understanding of feminism as being anti-oppressive.
Specifically, this sort of alliance comes at the expense of our peers in the
class struggle and people of color. Feminism means to engage in the struggle
for equity for all people and to seek to end oppression. But as I said before,
why engage with me when we can engage with hooks.
hooks begins by point out Sandberg did what a lot of women
do, which is to distance themselves from feminism while believing that feminism
is kind of over because, we won. After all, we can vote and go to school.
However, hooks has this to say:
“Although Sandberg revised her perspective on feminism, she
did not turn to towards primary sources (the work of feminist theorists) to
broaden her understanding. In her book, she offers a simplistic description of
the feminist movement based on women gaining equal rights with men. This
construction of simple categories (women and men) was long ago challenged by
visionary feminist thinkers, particularly individual black women/women of
color. These thinkers insisted that everyone acknowledge and understand the
myriad ways race, class, sexuality, and many other aspects of identity and
difference made explicit that there was never and is no simple homogeneous
gendered identity that we could call ‘women’ struggling to be equal with men.
In fact, the reality was and is that privileged white woman often experience a
greater sense of solidarity with men of their same class then with poor white
women or women of color.
“Sandberg’s definition of feminism begins and ends with the
notion that it’s all about gender equality within the existing social system.
From this perspective, the structures of imperialists white supremacist
capitalist patriarchy need not be challenged. And she makes it seems that
privilege white men will eagerly choose to extend the benefits of corporate
capitalism to white women who have the courage to ‘lean in.’ It almost seems as
if Sandberg sees women’s lack of perseverance as more the problem that systemic
inequality. Sandberg effectively use her race and class power and privilege to
promote a narrow definition of feminism that obscures and undermines visionary
feminist concerns.”
Amazing. This is the problem with so much. Sandberg isn’t
aiming to end oppression or distance women from the patriarchy, but instead,
Sandberg’s goal is to engage with the patriarchy and work within it. Naturally,
Sandberg is a big hit with white men in power, shocking I know. We can’t dismantle
the patriarchy while we work within it…masters’ tools people, masters’ tools.
Now, I am a fan of working within some structures such as the political system because if we don't the state systematically strips us of our rights in a very Atwood way if left unchecked. And dismantling the patriarchy, which is an oppressive structure for everyone,
is a goal of feminism. hooks rightly
points out Sandberg never actually addresses who leans in, woman’s race and
class is never identified, though it can be deferred. We’re clearly looking at
white women of middle and upper class. If in fact Sandberg’s women are a small
group of women like her than can we apply her message to all women? Should we
want to? I would agree no. Sandberg’s message won’t be applicable to domestic
workers for example. After Sandberg’s book came out a lot of people asked: lean
into what? After all Sandberg at no point encourages her patriarchal while male
peers to change their system or the structures that encourages disparities.
hooks stressed that Sandberg brings no new ideas to the
table, but Sandberg also doesn’t create a situation where solidarity between
women can develop:
“It is these true-life stories that expose the convenient
lies underlying of her assertions that as more women are at the top, all women
will benefit. She explains: ‘Conditions for all women will improve when there
are more women in leadership roles giving strong and powerful voice to their needs
and concerns.’ This unsubstantiated truism is brought to us by a corporate
executive who does not recognize the needs of pregnant women until it’s
happening to her. Is this a case of narcissism as a potential foundation for
female solidarity? No behavior in the real world of women relating to women
proves this to be true. In truth, Sandberg offers no strategies for building of
feminists solidarity between women.”
I find myself asking this question a lot: how does
solidarity develop within groups or between groups where there are a lot of
factors playing out? Anyone have a solution? No worries, me either except my
standard: solidarity doesn’t necessarily mean that the issue at hand has to
impact you, instead solidarity means standing with others even when you might
not directly benefit. But how do we develop and build solidarity? But I
digress.
hooks discusses Sandberg’s perpetuation of the myth that we
can all be anything we want to be if we choose it without any acknowledgement
of institutions and social constructs that may disproportionately impact
specific groups:
“Mass media (along with Sandberg) is telling us that by
sheer strength of will and staying power, any woman so inclined can work hard
and climb the corporate ladder all the way to the top. Shrewdly, Sandberg
acknowledges that not all women desire to rise to the top, asserting that she
is not judging women who make different choices. However, the real truth is
that she is making judgments about the nature of women and work—that is what
the book is fundamentally about. Her failure to confront the issue of women
acquiring wealth allows her to ignore concrete systemic obstacles most women
face inside the workforce. And by not confronting the issue of women and
wealth, she need not confront the issue of women and poverty. She need not
address the ways extreme class differences make it difficult for there to be
common sisterhood based on shared struggle and solidarity.”
So what is Sandberg leaving out: living wage, equal pay,
healthcare, paid sick leave, etc. But is it her fault, yes, but can we hold her
accountable to care about things that don’t impact her? I think so, but I also
think this is where we can clearly see that Sandberg’s feminism isn’t feminism
because it intentionally or unintentionally excluded women of color and women
in poverty. Insert, comment underlining the importance of intersectionality. However,
how is Sandberg’s assertion that women at the top can make it better for women
at the bottom?
“It should surprise no one that women and men who advocate
feminist politics were stunned to hear Sandberg promoting her trickle-down
theory: the assumption that having more women at the top of corporate
hierarchies would make the work world better for all women, including women on
the bottom. Taken at face value, this seem a naïve hope given that the
imperialist white supremacist capitalist patriarchal corporate world Sandberg
wants women to lean into encourages competition over cooperation.”
hooks brilliance intimidates me. That said, this quote is
spot on, you can’t assume the betterment of conditions for all people when you
push capitalist ideology especially within the patriarchy. The patriarchy
thrives in capitalism and thus the corporate world, so we really shouldn’t be
striving to be successful in the corporate world, but instead work to improve
the conditions for those laboring for the success of capitalism at the expense
of people.
Finally, I want to touch on hooks’ assertion that
individually Sandberg isn’t a threat to feminism. However, because conservative
white men have decided to embrace Sandberg’s feminism, because it is wholly
unthreatening, un-revolutionary, and not feminist, and they aim to re-frame
feminism in this image. hooks said:
“Had conservative white male dominated world of mass media
and advertising not chosen to hype her image, this influential woman would not
be known to most folks. It is this patriarchal male dominated re-framing of feminism,
which uses the body and personal success of Sheryl Sandberg, that is most
disturbing and yes threatening to the future of visionary feminist movement.
The model Sandberg represents is all about how women can participate and ‘run
the world.’ But of course the kind of world we would be running is never
defined. It sounds at time like benevolent patriarchal imperialism. This is the
reason it seemed essential for feminist thinkers to respond critically, not
just to Sandberg and her work, but to the conservative white male patriarchy
that is using her to let the world know what kind of woman partner is
acceptable among elites, both in the home and in the workplace.”
Sandberg is using feminist language as a tool to cover her
commitment and dedication of western cultural imperialism, which is to say
dedication to the patriarch, white supremacy, and capitalism all of which are
interlocked. Damn right. See I don’t dislike Sandberg, I’ve fairly indifferent to
her. Sure she might be saying some positive things, but mostly she is arguing
for a promotion of ideals that do resonate with me. But then she was embraced
and suddenly everywhere, at which we start to see the problems.